COMMUNICATION IN DISCOURSE prophetic preaching A.Problematika Propagation Many academics are still giddy with the epistemology of science dakwah.Dakwah simplify themselves as practices by the sound, such as lectures, sermons, Tabliq, istigasah, and sebagaianya.Padahal, preaching as scholarly study has a number of great potential a shaft birth of a theory of communication that is contextual. Charis spokesman charted four dakwah.Pertama the problems in science, the missionary position as a science can be found on the argument that addresses the extent to which propaganda memilikikriteria as ilmu.Kedua, the clarity of the science mission that can be accounted for sistematis.Ketiga, negenai methodology as a science mission . Fourth, the extent of its products accounted preaching as a science as a process of logic, in which linkage was found between the premise and kesimpulanya. Zamanya dominate the media industry is human life, and preaching at the center of the vortex activity tersebut.Tentu media industry just as the meaning of this mission must be formulated in accordance with the development, progress, and that context is irrelevant melingkupinya.Dakwah interpreted as understood in the initial mass lalu.Dakwah few centuries of Islam spread into a compound with an understanding of jihad in the sense of struggle by force of arms against the enemies of Islam (Qutb, 1996:235). Propagation is a movement that leads to social transformation that starts from the action social.menurut Weber, an act called social action if the extent based on subjective individual attached to it by the act, the action takes into account the behavior of others, and in a way that its implementation will be directed ( Campbell, 1994:204). Weber distinguishes between social movements and actions social.Menurutnya, the movement is not tindakan.Gerakan not have the significance of subjective and objective, he was not focused and not be moved without awareness empati.Gerakan only intact, because it requires social action plans, goals, objectives, a systematic method, empathy, and measurable. Vision is the primary mission is not to multiply the number of followers, but to call, invite, and called on the truth of Islam through various media, behavior, mental attitude, and the transmitter of religious thinking (Darmawan, 2005: XV). So too, the call can mean refresher for the accuracy teologis.Dakwah not be easily interpreted as a movement or expansion of awareness and the spread of Islam. Propagation and Propaganda B.Dakwah contain elements of hope of change on the subject dakwah.Dengan Thus, preaching is the most open to a change sikap.Perubahan can be interpreted as a bad move all the good stuff. In propaganda, manipulation should not be a representation, distortion or misleading information is a way of dirty pesan.Hal commonly used in propaganda.Karena it, preaching with different communication patterns in a number of studies in terms of empirical science komunikasi.Propaganda - sociological understood during this , embedding sinis.Hal propaganda in the sense that it happened because a certain time, propaganda is used for a variety of political interests, power, war and the various battle for control of discourse and public opinion. Despite the initial concept was developed for the purpose of propaganda spread the Catholic religion, in the next process, propaganda has undergone a variety of objectification, so it can be widely accepted as a delivery method pesan.Mengaitkan propaganda with propaganda can not be separated from the objectification process for keduanya.Oleh why we do not need to be uncomfortable to use propaganda in preaching, or vice versa, using propaganda in propaganda. Propaganda in the broadest sense is the technique of influencing human action by manipulating the representation (representation). Representations may be oral, written, pictures or music (Severin and Tankard, 2005:128) However, not all the strategies taught in the educational propaganda against propaganda methods Islam.Berikut recommended in a number of practices commonly used in educational propaganda, contrary to the way that some preach, but others could be adopted for improvisation in preaching. 1.Name Calling method used by the speaker to give a bad label on an idea, so that audiences reject and condemn the idea without examining the practice of propaganda bukti.Dalam, Name Calling is common and performed legally. Besides being used in black propaganda (black propaganda), name calling is often used in advertising because of reluctance to refer to similar products that are competitive, but in the political world, its use is more widespread. Name calling can not be justified in preaching, including the use against the enemies of Islam Islam.Doktrin confirms the importance of using good way to contend bantahan.Sebaliknya, Islam advocates the use of good words. Generality 2.Glittering method used by the speaker with a good word, so that something can be received by the audience, without examining the evidence bukti.Pola glittering generality can be adopted to enrich the pattern reversed in the glittering generality berdakwah.Bila the emphasis is without the submission of information evidence, in preaching the opposite effect, should deliver something good in a way that makes sense in order to be acceptable, even if necessary, showing some evidence to strengthen propaganda material. 3.Transfer method used by the speaker with the support of authority and prestige of something respected and praised for something else, so something else can be worked through association pemikiran.Tujuan diterima.Transfer communicator is connected with a product idea or something that is admired orang.Transfer can occur through the use of certain symbolic objects, because it transfers the pattern of the propaganda technique requires the existence of social psychology tertentu.Sebab, essentially an act of propaganda for the campaign to raise public opinion of the negative image of being attacked. Testimony 4.Testimony kind of person who gives testimony on direct recognition of the ever dirasakanya.Kesaksian experience is used to drop or rally public opinion in order to be able to immediately accept something that will be offered. This pattern is rarely used by Kyai in providing dakwah.Kebanyakan Kyai act as a single source of information for audiens.Dialog happens to be one-way, public seemed to be passive creatures who do not have the space to interact, resulting in the dominance of communication. 5.Plain Folks (Ordinary People) method used by the speaker to convince the audience that he and gagasanya is part of the common people, the people who lugu.Pola plain folks can actually be dugunakan in preaching, especially for those who previously had experience of emotional closeness with audience. In the world of politics, this method often used by candidates in the face Pemilu.Mereka Down to Earth to take care of the constituents with the same activities as regular people, although in fact it is taboo they do every day. Stacking 6.Card technique is to choose the arguments or evidence to support a position regardless of other things that do not support this position tersebut.Teknik occasionally be used in preaching to enrich the method, because this method can clarify the wisdom or benefits do good and do bad effects. 7.Bandwagon method is used by the speaker to convince the audience that all group members must join the group tersebut.Teknik is effective for the floating mass, a mass of confusion caused by the swift flow of information. The technique has been done in the mission, but there are artificial and tentative.Fenomena religious soap opera and modern veil is often worn by the actress on television, on the one side remains positive impact on umat.Tetapio, whether the patron and the artist covered the rampant construction of reality is real?. Apparently not, the rise of religious soap operas was related to ratings and advertising on television. Both preaching and propaganda, the same as aiming to change one's perspective on sesuatu.Hanya alone in its operation, using propaganda manipulation of representations, humanization and more meaningful political transendensi.Dia in an effort to control public opinion to a particular political interests rather than a transformation informasi.bahkan sometimes communicator ( propagandists) in its operation can not be identified clearly. C.Dakwah And Persuasive Communication Persuasive Communication aims to influence attitudes, behavior and even komunikan.Persuasi is defined as a change in attitude due to exposure information from the lain.Menilik The aim, communication is an attempt to influence the behavior of behavior is broad komunikan.Disini (Severin and Tankard, 2005:57), including changes in a person's attitude toward previously held beliefs. According to Gordon Allport (1954), the term attitude appears to replace the vague terms like instincts in psychology, customs, social pressure, and this sentimen.Berikut some important definitions of attitude (Severin and Tankard ,2005:177-179): 1. A perspective on things (Murphy and Newcomb.1937: 889). 2. Mental and nervous system readiness organized through experience, which cause direct or dynamic influence on one's response to all objects and all the relevant circumstances. 3. A lasting trend, learned to behave in a consistent group of objects (Allport, 1954:45).4. A system, positive or negative evaluation of a lasting, emotional feelings and the feelings pro or con action tendencies toward a social object. According to DeVito (1991:402-404), persuasive communication will be successful when considering the following principles: 1. This principle of selective exposure emphasis on activities communicant who actively seek information to support opinions, beliefs, values, decisions and behavior 2. This principle emphasizes audience participation that communication not only message transmission process, but also transactional.3. Injections This principle assumes that the audience has had a particularly strong belief sebelumnya.Prinsip emphasizes the importance of communicators respect the beliefs held by inoculation with the principle does not reject or deny their faith, but using a strategy of antibody member, rational argument and proof that the faith of the error inoculation audience. 4. This principle emphasizes major changes to the view that the changes will be more easily done on the smallest stage, the greater the arguments and evidence to be presented by komunikator.Persuasi will be effective when he worked for a small change, measured by a certain time period. Performed at least as persuasive communication communicator wants to achieve two things: first, to strengthen or change the attitudes and beliefs pesan.Kedua receiver, the receiver member motivation to do something. In persuasive communication, the role of communicator are essential to achieve tujuan.Howard Giles and Richard L.Street split communicator into two broad categories, namely: 1. Individual differences based on psychological and behavioral sosiodemografis associated with verbal and non verbal communicators.a) Variable psychological variables in question are: (1). Self monitoring. People who have high self-monitoring will control every verbal and non verbal behavior, and vice versa. (2). Introvert and extrovert extrovert type are those who like to talk in a waktu.Banyak experts describe them as people like to open diri.sedangkan Yeng introvert on the contrary, they tend to shut down. (3). Submission Domination Individuals who have a dominant personality style of interaction and believes firmly in control of the dominant diri.Komunikator talks, more active it suggests the high tone of voice and vocal pressure sinews through the system. b). Variable variable sosiodemografis communicators are: (1). Status Socioeconomic Status socioeconomic party in the communication process interact with each other and mingle berhubungan.Bamstein (1962,1964,1972) demonstrated in penelitianya that the upper classes, the communicator uses explanation and breakdown message length for the lower classes lebar.Sementara pengurangain limited use. (2). Race and Culture Race and culture related dialects with varying degrees of phonological, syntactic, and lexical berbeda.seseorang who speaks with a certain ethnicity is usually weakened when a particular ethnic group has the desire to assimilate into different cultures. 2.Penggunaan language and speaking style is identified with the belief that the communicator has the impression of different languages.Communicator who has a certain appeal that is strong enough to do will bring communicant communicant identifikasi.Identifikasi occurs when putting yourself in a satisfactory definition dirinya.Dalam identification, the individual defines peranya accordance with the role of communication that has affected him. There are at least nine communicator style that stands out is: 1. Dominant, control and communication control. 2. Dramatic, exaggerate exaggerating the point across. 3. Contentious, argumentative and argue in communication. 4. Animated, fun in communicating. 5.Impression-leaving, always leaving the impression in the communication. 6.Relaxed, be gentle and calm in communicating. 7. Attentive, careful and cautious in communicating. 8. Opened, open to personal information. 9. Friendly, provide feedback to the listener. Other factors in the characteristics of the communicator is a special attraction and kreadibilitas.Biasanya, each communicator has a special charm, especially for the berdakwah.Daya Kyai can pull in the form of physical appearance, the character who wants to be imaged, the exposure method of the message, and intonation. In addition to the characteristics of the communicator, the message payload elements is also a major influence on the success of member communications persuasive.Bettinghaus set a number of components that can make a persuasive message: a. The language used b. The pattern of organizational messages. c. The use of logic d. Showing examples of e. F the message delivery time. Body language communicators. Some people incorporate elements of media characteristics that used to be successful as a communicator, but persuasive communication are most effective when delivered in person directly between the communicator and the communicant.
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